Numerical Modelling of the Effects of Liquefaction on the Upheaval Buckling of Offshore Pipelines Using the PM4Sand Model

The buckling tendency of an offshore pipeline buried in a liquefiable soil aggravates under earthquake situations. Moreover, to understand the upheaval displacement behavior dynamic loading, it is crucial variation liquefaction potential within bed. Thus, present study, body and its effect on (u) post-shake uplift resistance (Vup) investigated using finite element package called PLAXIS 2D. study was performed for different seismic conditions. To define soil, two advanced constitutive models are used. static stages modelled with ‘Hardening Soil Model small strain’ (HSS model), while stage PM4Sand model. problem defined as 2d plane strain problem. pipe considered be covered Nevada sand. Several parameters such sand-density index (Dr), embedment depth (H), frequency (f) amplitude varied potential, resistance. model validated past studies considerable match obtained. shown shadings user-defined parameter pore water pressure ratio (ru). various plots. observed that reduced increase signal. peak buckling, duration loading reach decreased signal frequency. Again, post-peak independent parameters. However, relative density influenced by